Research Methods in Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Research Methods in Criminal Justice - Essay Example The researchers can utilize the same time, resources, and energy to collect detailed information from the six precincts, so that a better understanding of the prevailing crime situation can be developed. The disadvantage of such critical case sampling is mainly that it introduces bias in the research since data collection sources were strategically chosen. In addition to that, study of just six police precincts is too less when compared with the total number of precincts distributed across the five boroughs in the New York City, i.e. 76. Although the researchers would be able to collect detailed information from the six precincts, yet a whole range of factors contributing towards the spread of crime in the rest of the boroughs would be missed out. As a result of this, the reliability of research would be lowered as somebody else collecting information from the left out precincts might reach different results for the same city. Alternative sampling methods could be selection of precincts that would at least be equal to the sample size generated from the 76 precincts. A questionnaire-based survey from all precincts would be more convenient and reliable, yet the researchers would not b e able to have a detailed insight that they can have by selecting just six

Evaluating a Website for Credibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Evaluating a Website for Credibility - Essay Example The search engine used to locate the National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organization’s website was Google. From the website url (http://www.naccho.org.au/), the domain of the website is identified as .org. Choosing this website for the review considered a number of issues. Foremost, I was out to look for a website that was meant for a group of people. NACCHO’s website suited my description for the perfect website to review given the specificity of its audience. Although the website has information that appeals to the general public to support the cause of the organization, it is a medium more specifically meant to address the Australian aborigines than the general public. Additionally, the website is simple, straightforward and specific to the needs of its audience (National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organization, 2013). It dissects the health issues of the aborigines in a way that is much more convincing than other health websites. Further, the website became my site of choice since it is light and fast. There is the right choice of pictures, picture sizes and diction without unnecessary need for pompousness and wordiness. Like most websites, NACCHO’s website has a splendid authority hierarchy in its modification and administration. The viewers do not have the authority to publish news or update the website. Only website administrators have the capability to publish new material, update information and modify the layout of the website. Unlike wikis and other related websites, NACCHO’s website does not give readers much freedom to dictate the content of the website (Miller, 2012). However, there is a provision for feedback where website visitors can leave their views on the operations of the organization. The information included in the website is objective and focuses on the target group. This

Discuss the impact on British Society of the cultural revolution of Essay

Discuss the impact on British Society of the cultural revolution of the 1960s - Essay Example When social historians refer to "The Sixties", it is rare that they are talking about the decade in its entirety or that decade exclusively. For example, some claim that the sixties began, as a cultural phenomenon, in 1963. A convincing case can be made in support of this. Events such as the assassination of President Kennedy, Martin Luther Kings "Dream Speech", the debut albums of both The Beatles and Bob Dylan immediately appear as cultural turning points. 1963 appears to be the point at which civil rights, counter/youth culture and a new, somewhat alien mentality began to emerge into the mainstream consciousness. In spite of this, Marwick has argued that it is impossible to view the phenomenon in a "hermetically sealed" time frame, and that it truly began in the late fifties, and came to its conclusion in the early seventies. This is compatible with the idea that 1963 was important, indeed Marwick suggests it marks the beginning of the "High Sixties", but we must also acknowledge the gathering momentum of change in the years leading up to this point. Thus, the period of the Long Sixties I will be discussing here refers to 1958-1974. A far more difficult definition comes with the terms "cultural" and "revolution". To further complicate matters, when the two are used together, we can turn them into a proper noun, as with Mao Zedongs Cultural Revolution. Thus, it is important for us to differentiate between that Cultural Revolution, and Cultural Revolution in the far broader terms we are describing here. Was this a collective movement towards a universalistic revolution, or were individuals campaigning for their own singular interests? So what is a revolution, and, perhaps more pertinently, what is a culture? Revolution is a term which appears with startling regularity in world history, and has been applied to many different things. In this case, revolution refers to a paradigm shift

Continuum Of Care Outline Essay Example for Free

Continuum Of Care Outline Essay I. Introduction II. Stakeholders A. The â€Å"description of the roles of various stakeholders in the health care industry who are involved in the continuum of care† (University of Phoenix, 2015). 1. Who the patients are. 2. Who the employees are. 3. Who the payers are. 4. Who the providers are. B. â€Å"How the component contributes to or detracts from the overall management of health care resources† (University of Phoenix, 2015). 1. Is this a positive or negative affect? III. Services provided and employees’ role(s). A. â€Å"Discuss the services provided and how these services fit into the continuum of care† (University of Phoenix, 2015). 1. What services are provided? 2. How do these services fit into the continuum of care? 3. â€Å"The role of transitioning patients from one level of care to another in the health care continuum† (University of Phoenix, 2015). See more: 5 paragraph essay format B. â€Å"Description of the health care delivery components role in providing services† (University of Phoenix, 2015). 1. Who provides these services? 2. How the services are delivered. IV. Current and Future of Home Health Care A. What are the current trends and how they are changing? B. What the potential trends are. 1. How these potential trends will change delivery components and services in the future. 2. Accommodating for the future trends. V. The Characteristics of Integrated Delivery System (IDS) A. Health Care organizations. B. Community health. VI. Conclusion References University of Phoenix. (2015). Continuum of Care Presentation. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, HCS/235-Health Care Delivery in the U.S. website.

Franchising Strategy of McDonalds

Franchising Strategy of McDonalds Globalization refers to the system of interaction among the countries of the world. It has become a significant trend in todays world economies as there is a tendency for many large corporations and business to trade internationally and compete with each other on a global scale. There are many strategies that companies can use in order to expand their business and penetrate into global markets. These strategies include; licensing, exporting, franchising, contract manufacturing, international joint venture and foreign direct investment. We decided however to focus our report on the franchising strategy, and supported it with the case study of McDonalds. FRANCHISING is a contractual agreement whereby someone with a good idea for a business (franchisor) sells the rights to use the business name and sell a product or service (franchise) to others (franchisees) in a given territory in a specified manner. (Nickels, McHugh, McHugh, 2010, p.132) Franchising has become a very popular strategy that many companies have adopted lately; they have a vast number of global outlets operated by foreign franchisees. This is a list of the worlds most famous franchisors around the world as ranked in the Top 10 Franchisors for 2010; Subway McDonalds 7-Eleven Inc. Hampton Hotels Supercuts H R Block Dunkin Donuts Jani-King Servpro Ampm The table below shows the brief advantages and disadvantages of franchising; Advantages Disadvantages -Personal ownership -Management and marketing assistance -National recognized name -Financial advice and assistance -Lower failure rate -Large start up cost -Shared profit -Management regulation -Restrictions on selling -Fraudulent franchisor McDonalds McDonalds is one of the most successful fast-food restaurants around the world today with a very established and valuable trademark; it is an example of a brand franchise. McDonalds is often considered the gold standard of franchising. (Nickels, McHugh, McHugh, 2010, p.132).The main drive behind this success and rapid expansion was the franchising strategy, which helped them easily penetrate new markets and enlarge their target markets. Around 70 percent of the current McDonalds restaurants are run as independent franchisees. The first franchised outlet was opened in the UK in 1986; however there are now over 31,000 McDonalds restaurants in over 119 countries. Ray KrocThe initial idea of the fast-food restaurant was started by the McDonalds brothers; Dick and Mac. They opened their first restaurant in 1940 in California, but as a start they did not know that this restaurant will grow tremendously, and have such a large market share. They were extremely modest until they discovered a formula that sells an absolutely high quality product with low affordable prices attached, and quickly. However a significant role was played by Ray Kroc, an experienced business man with a talent for marketing. When he became involved in the business he realized that this formula could be very profitable and can be sold on a national basis all over the US. Therefore the main success of McDonalds is attributed to Ray Kroc because he had a vision to take McDonalds global and help achieve the highest levels success. Procedures of starting a McDonalds Franchise The steps taken in order to gain approval and start your own McDonalds restaurant are rather lengthy and costly. In order to be considered for a franchise and granted permission to use the McDonalds brand name; a minimum of $300,000 is needed strictly from the owners personal savings and resources (i.e. not from borrowed resources such as loan or mortgages). Furthermore under the requirements of a obtaining a McDonalds franchise, McDonalds has to own or lease the restaurant premises that the franchisee will operate in. The franchisee will then have to purchase the fittings, the equipment and the right to operate the franchise for twenty years. To guarantee a consistent and uniform trademark internationally all franchisees must use standardized McDonalds branding, menus, design layouts and administration systems. (Franchising and Entrepreneurship, n.d.) The franchisee managers should have certain specifications and qualities that meet McDonalds standards. These may consist of the ability to take care of the business financing, possessing good management skills in order to motivate train the employees, be willing to peruse a comprehensive training course and finally dedicate all their time to operating the restaurant and take care of the day-to-day activities of the business. (How Much Does a McDonalds Franchise Cost, n.d.) The procedures of starting a McDonalds franchisee mentioned above, elaborate how franchising systems in general operate in world markets. It shows how careful franchisors are in selecting and recruiting the best franchisees worldwide, in order to ensure that their goodwill and business trademark are not misused by fraudulent franchisees. It also gives us a brief summary of the requirements needed by a franchisor in order to grant an individual the right to use its business idea and sell its products. Advantages of franchising As mentioned above, the main drive behind the success and rapid expansion of McDonalds is franchising, we will discuss the benefits of franchising in detail and show how they were applicable to McDonalds. Franchising has enabled McDonalds to experience significantly faster expansion and growth, helping it to achieve a truly global brand identity and a well known trademark. For example McDonalds now operates in more than 119 countries world-wide, serving millions of consumers daily, the existence of the franchisee outlets globally have helped McDonalds gain popularity and customer loyalty. McDonalds is able to gain more income and revenues from the monthly fees (5% service fee) and rent paid by its franchisees worldwide, this means they can generate more finance which can later be used to develop and expand the business. Therefore franchising gives the opportunity to franchisors to raise sufficient capital. Franchising gives a chance to the franchisor to leverage the brand. By acquiring new franchise outlets, McDonalds was able to get in touch with a wider target market and reach more consumers globally, this in the long-run helped it achieve and maintain a high market share in the fast-food industry and it also enhanced the companys corporate image and prestige. (Becoming a Franchisor, 2003) When the franchisor sells the right to use its brand name to the franchisee, it is not required to intervene in the day-to-day activities of the business. When new franchise outlets commence, McDonalds is obliged to supply them with the equipment needed, raw materials and comprehensive training to the employees. However after these events have taken place, McDonalds is not responsible for the day-to-day running and management of the business. Therefore this eliminates the responsibility for direct supervision and gives the franchisor more time to concentrate on the strategic functions of the business, such as looking for new potential markets, building strong marketing plans and advertisement campaigns and so on. Franchisors are able to benefit from economies of scale, because as their total production levels increase, the average costs tend to decrease. These economies of scale may include marketing economies of scale; McDonalds for example will be able to have more money to spend on its advertising campaigns if its number of restaurants is higher, and it will also save the company the redundant costs of having separate national campaigns, therefore this helps reduce on the business expenses and hence register higher profits.. By having many franchise outlets worldwide, McDonalds achieves diversification and spreads its risks worldwide. This means that a failure in any one of its restaurant will not be very disastrous to the company, because there are many other successful and profitable restaurants that can help offset or compensate for this loss. Therefore, franchising helps minimize the rate of failure and helps keep businesses stronger. Disadvantages of franchising Previously we have stated the advantages of franchising in terms of McDonalds, however franchising has some disadvantages as well such as: Large start-up costs: The cost of franchise can vary from one business to the other. The more popular the business is the more fees the franchisee has to pay to the franchisor in order to have the right to use the businesss specific name and sell its products. That is because businesses which possess well-known trademarks reduces the risks that a franchisee takes, in other words it reduces the businesss possibility of failing, thus, its more expensive. A Franchisor such as McDonalds will require a very high start-up fee from the Franchisee simply because McDonalds is an extremely well-known restaurant. In order to be able to open a McDonalds franchise, a franchisee needs to have around $506,000 to $1,600,000 of non-borrowed cash personal money. The start-up cost depends on the location on the store. Shard Profits: In return of franchise the franchisor (McDonalds) gets the start-up cost in addition, to the annual franchise fee, which is a fee that is paid for training and preparations, price of equipment, money for working capital like fried potatoes machines etc., the original franchise fee is typically $45,000. Besides, the franchisee is also expected to monthly pay service fee which is 4.0% and rent fees to McDonalds, based on the sales performance. Plus the extra money they have to send on royalties on the income, it range between 2 to 10 % of the franchisors profits. Royalties are charged on the profits a business makes before taxes and other expenses such as wages. Therefore the higher the profits, the higher the royalty. The royalty fee for McDonalds is ingoing 12.5%. Therefore, a franchisee has to share a large amount of his/her profit with the franchisor (McDonalds). Restrictions on selling: Some franchisees face restrictions on re-selling their business. The franchisor has to first choose the new owner and assure that they meet the standards required for this business, with the intention of controlling the quality of their franchisee. MacDonalds for example requires a franchisee that has a business plan, good management skills, training, and mostly significant business experience. From 10,000 franchisees only 1000 are accepted and only 200 are chosen from the 1000 to operate. Coattail effects: Franchisors usually keep in mind that the actions taken by the franchisees can affect their profits and future development. Franchisees must also beware of their competitions from other franchisees. For instance, McDonalds has to look out from other fast food restaurants such as KFC, Burger kings, even other McDonalds franchisees. MacDonalds franchisees criticized that as a result of McDonalds cooperation persistent growth principles, some of the new stores have been taken away business at existing locations, limiting franchisees profits per outlet. Management Regulations: Management regulations such as the fund restrictions in MacDonalds, which states that when a franchisee has funds, he/she can, increase these funds through business loans from banks or small business administrations. However, the franchisee can only finance the cost for seven years or less. This might make the franchisee feel that he/she is not their own boss anymore and that they do not own their own business management regulations often make the franchisees feel pressured and burdened by the franchisor. Adapting to different cultures One of the limitations of expanding your business globally is adapting to the different cultures around the world, this is a problem many companies fail as they decide to operate in foreign countries. Living in a multi-cultured society, firms should learn how to adapt their strategies and products to suit and satisfy the needs of the local population. McDonalds has been one of the most effective companies in flexibly adapting to different cultures and societies. It has been very successful in identifying the local consumers tastes and preferences and then altering their menus and dishes to satisfy these preferences. As an article states, In the markets in which it operates, McDonalds listens to customers and adapts to their culture and preferences (Sun never sets on Mickey Ds, 2010). India:-In order to adapt to the Indian society, McDonalds had to offer vegetarian food and had to ensure that the all the food provided contained no beef ingredients in them. This is because the Hinduism religion prohibits eating meat products mostly beef; therefore they introduced new menu items like the McVeggie and McAloo Tikkie. Israel: In Israel, all meat served is 100 percent kosher beef (Sun never sets on Mickey Ds, 2010) which means that the food is pure clean with no organic materials added. Israelis demand more healthy food with no chemical preservatives therefore McDonalds uses Canola oil which has no trans-fats to prepare the meals. Middle East: In order to adapt to the Islamic religion of the Arab countries, McDonalds introduced Halal Meat in its menus which encouraged Muslims to eat more frequently from McDonalds and this increased the companys sales. They also introduced a menu called Mc-Arabia Lawsuits McDonalds has faced a number of lawsuits over the previous years in many different countries. This can be looked one of the short-comings of franchising, because as many independent owners use the companys brand name and trademark they may damage the reputation of McDonalds and destroy its corporate image. The following are examples of lawsuits encountered by McDonalds; A lawsuit was filed by a former franchise manager in Brazil accusing McDonalds for making him gain 65 pounds during the period of his twelve years of employment at the corporation. He claimed that he was forced to sample the food everyday in order to make sure it is of standard quality. The Brazilian court ruled in favour of the manager and held McDonalds Corporation liable for the managers obesity ordered it to pay $17,500 as a compensation fee. (Benson, 2010) A Vegetarian Resource Group also filed a law suit against McDonalds, accusing it of purposefully using an animal ingredient in its French fries. They blamed the fast-food restaurant for not notifying vegetarians that the French fries and hash browns had beef in them. A $10 million settlement was agreed later agreed upon on April 2002. (Akers, n.d.) Tony Cosgrove, the director of the Cleveland Clinic also got into a conflict with the McDonalds restaurants, claiming that fast food restaurants such as McDonalds that offer junk food should not be allowed to operate in medical institutions. This is because it is rather absurd to offer foods that are inconsistent with the health and dietary advice, doctors give their patients and this puts the patients health at stake. (Adams, 2005) Word count: 2,381 Original Case study http://www.wipo.int/edocs/mdocs/sme/en/wipo_smes_del_08/wipo_smes_del_08_www_116736.pdf

Essay on Natural Symbolism in A Farewell to Arms -- Farewell Arms Essa

Natural Symbolism in A Farewell to Arms      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As with many other authors of fictional novels, Ernest Hemingway was often noted for his use of symbolism in his numerous pieces of literature. Natural symbolism plays a significant role in Hemingway’s novel, A Farewell to Arms. This novel uses aspects of nature to structure the plot and provide symbols that replace human emotions.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Nature serves as a source of symbols which replace human sentiment or feelings, making the situation seem somewhat less serious. For example, when characters die, there is no mention of pain or suffering, rather it is simply stated that it is raining, or it is autumn. Substituting emotions with symbols of nature allows Hemingway to describe to the reader in a less informing manner what is actually taking place in the plot. He sometimes also uses symbols to completely omit references to attitudes and reactions towards situations. Ironically, these symbols sometimes represent the opposite of what their traditional meaning would be.      Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘The storyline and character traits of this novel are largely affected by Hemingway’s use of symbolism.’ (Bender 55) This is established from the very first chapter, which discusses the rapid progression of the seasons from summer into autumn. Summer is signified by dryness and prosperity. This can be contrasted to autumn, which is identified with ill-fated occurrences and darkness. ‘...And in the fall when the rain came the leaves fell from the chestnut trees and the branches were bare and the trunks black with rain.’ (Hemingway 4) This changing of seasons is a minor transition related to symbolism, which sets the pace for the larger transitions of the novel as a whole. For example, the first fe... ...o Arms.’ Professor Carlos Baker, author of ‘Hemingway: The Writer as an Artist,’ adequately sums up the use of symbolism in this novel. ‘Once the reader has become aware of what Hemingway is doing in those parts of his work which lie below the surface, he is likely to find symbols operating everywhere...’ (Baker 117)    Works Cited Bender, David. Readings on Ernest Hemingway. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1997. Fielder, Leslie A. Love and Death in the American Novel. New York: Stein and Day, 1975. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1929. Weeks, Robert. Hemingway: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1962. Ernest Miller Hemingway: Writing Syle. http://www.encarta.msn.com/find/ Symbolism and Motifs. http://www. homework-online.com/afta/style-sturcture.asp   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚      Essay on Natural Symbolism in A Farewell to Arms -- Farewell Arms Essa Natural Symbolism in A Farewell to Arms      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As with many other authors of fictional novels, Ernest Hemingway was often noted for his use of symbolism in his numerous pieces of literature. Natural symbolism plays a significant role in Hemingway’s novel, A Farewell to Arms. This novel uses aspects of nature to structure the plot and provide symbols that replace human emotions.      Ã‚  Ã‚   Nature serves as a source of symbols which replace human sentiment or feelings, making the situation seem somewhat less serious. For example, when characters die, there is no mention of pain or suffering, rather it is simply stated that it is raining, or it is autumn. Substituting emotions with symbols of nature allows Hemingway to describe to the reader in a less informing manner what is actually taking place in the plot. He sometimes also uses symbols to completely omit references to attitudes and reactions towards situations. Ironically, these symbols sometimes represent the opposite of what their traditional meaning would be.      Ã‚  Ã‚   ‘The storyline and character traits of this novel are largely affected by Hemingway’s use of symbolism.’ (Bender 55) This is established from the very first chapter, which discusses the rapid progression of the seasons from summer into autumn. Summer is signified by dryness and prosperity. This can be contrasted to autumn, which is identified with ill-fated occurrences and darkness. ‘...And in the fall when the rain came the leaves fell from the chestnut trees and the branches were bare and the trunks black with rain.’ (Hemingway 4) This changing of seasons is a minor transition related to symbolism, which sets the pace for the larger transitions of the novel as a whole. For example, the first fe... ...o Arms.’ Professor Carlos Baker, author of ‘Hemingway: The Writer as an Artist,’ adequately sums up the use of symbolism in this novel. ‘Once the reader has become aware of what Hemingway is doing in those parts of his work which lie below the surface, he is likely to find symbols operating everywhere...’ (Baker 117)    Works Cited Bender, David. Readings on Ernest Hemingway. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1997. Fielder, Leslie A. Love and Death in the American Novel. New York: Stein and Day, 1975. Hemingway, Ernest. A Farewell to Arms. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1929. Weeks, Robert. Hemingway: A Collection of Critical Essays. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1962. Ernest Miller Hemingway: Writing Syle. http://www.encarta.msn.com/find/ Symbolism and Motifs. http://www. homework-online.com/afta/style-sturcture.asp   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     

Child Trafficking Essay

A child is a young human being who is not yet an adult. It also defines trafficking as an act of buying and selling things illegally. So, child trafficking is an inhuman act where children are being used unjustly as objects of business transaction. Boys and girls are involved but girls are mostly involved as victims. They are taken from their parents by the trafficker who with deceitful words promises the girl’s parent’s heaven and earth for instance that she will send them to school or that she has a business in abroad like a saloon where the girls can work for few months and establish theirs. Parents who are living in the villages are the ones they use to go to, because most of them are unable to afford both material and financial needs of all their children. Such parents have no alternative than giving out their childchildren who maybe in their teens to the lady who pretended to be good. Despite all these government can still work on this heavily by the following: Firstly, government should declare free education in every school that is the school owned by the government maybe to the secondary school level. By so doing, parents will not have the excuse of giving out their children to someone else to take care of them. Secondly, government should see to duly paying of workers’ salaries at the end of each month and not leaving them empty handed at the end of the month because they need money to solve the problems facing them in the family and also to prevent them from exposing their children to those heartless human beings that use children illegally to make money. The last but not the least is that the parliamentary arm of government should sit together with the support of the president, make laws for children against abuse and intimidation. Also the judiciary arm should be strict in punishing anybody found exhibiting the act of child trafficking